Hey folks,
Here is the translation of an article I wrote for the german
www.FighterFitnessForum.com, which is exactly what it sounds like. It's not a 1:1 translation as I left out some of the introductory stuff specific to Fighter Fitness.
Introduction
Bodyweight Exercises are great. They're fun, you don't need anything to do them and they work great to get stronger, fitter and look better.
But while there are hundreds of example movements online and in books, there's a lack of planning and systematic material. I found it difficult which movements to put together, how often and how long to train, etc.
This is a conclusion of what I read in many forums and articles and books over the months. If you have any comments, please let me know.
Training goal
To start everything off, you need a goal. What do you want? Lose fat? Build muscle? Improve in your sport? Build strength?
Nobody can tell you what your goal is. You have to find out yourself. But don't focus on a single aspect of training exclusively. Know the powerlifters from TV, legs like trunks and bellies like minivans? Or the skinny marathoners that resemble skeletons more than athletes? Nobody wants to look like that. Yes they're strong, or have great endurance, but I think they make a great case for balanced training.
But most sports have a need for well-rounded fitness, so don't worry. Also it's not difficult to train the different aspects at the same time.
Training unit
A "unit" contains about 4-6 weeks of training. At the end of each unit, you should take a week of "rest training". More about rest training later.
In each of these larger units of training you should use similar movements and workouts. This way your body gets used to the style of your training.
When you do the next unit, e.g. after one month, mix the movements up a little. This way your body can't get used to the workouts too well. Just a little. This is just like working: after a few weeks you know what to do, but if you work the same job for 20 years, it's probably boring and not getting you anywhere.
Training "week"
This doesn't have to be an actual week. Ross Enamait from RossTraining.com uses a 5-day-plan, CrossFit uses a 4-day-plan. I use a whole week for convenience.
There are four big areas of training: max strength, strength endurance, conditioning and explosiveness. Ideally, you'll have at least one session of each in every week. After that, train those you want to focus on. E.g. do two or three max strength sessions if you want to concentrate on that. But be careful with the order of sessions, more on that now:
- Don't forget to put in rest days
- For max strength training and explosiveness, your central nervous system (CNS) should be fully rested. Best to put these after a rest day.
- The CNS regenerates slowly. Don't put one of the very taxing max/explosiveness days after another. Also don't train max/explosiveness more than 3 times a week.
- When training max/explosiveness, stop training BEFORE your muscles fail. This way you don't risk injury and overstressing the CNS. You can go all out in the conditioning sessions.
- Strength endurance doesn't tax the CNS so bad, but your muscles will need rest after this. Don't go to failure, but you can go a little further than with max/explosive.
- Conditioning is intended to train your heart and lungs. Your muscles shouldn't be stressed too much. You can really go all out. If you like, train until you puke. It doesn't take that much really. The movements here should be selected so that they're trivial to perform and you don't risk injury due to sloppy technique.
- Your cardiovascular system regenerates quickly. About 10 minutes after a conditioning session, you'll start to feel well again. You might even want to do another one ;)
- Muscles take longer to regenerate: about 1 or 2 days, depending on how far you went. If your muscles are sore for longer than 2 days, you probably trained too hard.
- The CNS takes a while. Don't put two max/explosiveness days in succesion.
- Split-training (i.e. training different body parts in different workouts) doesn't really work with BWEs. Most movements train different parts of the body at the same time. Just train the whole body every workout.
Workouts
Max strength workout
Few repetitions each set (small sets)
Long rest periods between set (up to several minutes)
Low volume
Very intense exercises (it's max strength after all)
A very intense exercise is one you can't do more than 3-10 times in one set. This is not very specific, but it's not so easy to tell with BWEs. For example, even when my max pull-ups were around 12, it still felt like max strength. Just use your intuition.
If you feel a movement is too easy, make it more difficult by changing the angle or putting your feet up or something. It's generally easy to scale BWEs, just look around the internet.
Example workout:
3 sets of 3 pistols (one-legged-squats)
3 sets of 3 pull-ups (if too easy, make them more difficult by grasping a chair between your legs or something)
3 sets of 3 dips
After each set, rest for 2 minutes to regenerate muscles and the CNS.
Strength endurance workout
High volume
Low to medium intensity (big sets)
Medium length rest between sets (30-90 sec)
Example workout:
3 sets of 20 push-ups
3 sets of 50 squats
3 sets of 10 pull-ups (if too difficult, jump up to the bar to make them easier)
Rest for 60 seconds between sets.
Conditioning workout
The goal here is to get your cardiovascular system running and keep it up.
No or little rest between sets
Medium repetitions per set, so your muscles don't get tired but your heart keeps pumping
Easy to medium intensity of movements
Your whole body should be involved. Use whole body movements like Burpees or combine push-ups with squats.
The intention is to keep going while not going to muscle failure. To do this, we can use circle training. Each muscle group is involved shortly, but then has time to rest. If your muscles fail during this, you did too many repetitions or movements of too high intensity.
If you can't breathe and feel like puking, you're doing it right.
Example workout:
5 circles of:
5 push-ups
10 squats
3 pull-ups
5 burpees
No rest (or just a little, if you need it).
These conditioning circles look pretty harmless on paper, but they're pretty fucked up. Try them!
You'll regenerate quickly after on of these. If you don't have much spare time, you can put one in days normally reserved for other training. If you're training 5 days a week already, you can put a conditioning circle in a max strength or strength endurance day. Just push it back to the evening when you train max in the morning.
Explosive workout
The fast-twitch-muscles that are responsible for your explosiveness are only activated at a certain level of intensity. This means you have to "max" it out a little before doing explosive movements.
Explosive movements tax the CNS very much. Don't overdo it!
A little explosive training is enough to stimulate the fast-twitch-muscles. Once a week should be enough, and the workout can be pretty short.
Example workout:
3x the most difficult push-ups you can do (activate FT muscles)
10x clapping push-ups
3x pistols (one-legged-squats) or squat while carrying a weight (activate FT)
30x tuck jump
3x weighted pull-ups (just grasp something with your legs)
5x clapping pull-ups
Do 3 rounds of this. Rest 2 minutes between rounds.
Rest training week
Ross Enamait says in Full Throttle Conditioning (great book, like all his training manuals) that one should put in one rest week after about 1-1.5 months of training. So we put one in after each of our big scale training units.
He also says to not reduce intensity or the number of workouts, but the volume!
This means we only do 1/2 the number of rounds or 1/2 the number of repetitions, but the intensity stays the same.
My workout plan explained
The biggest difference between what I recommend above and
what I put in my own workout plan is this:
- I have no dedicated conditioning circles
- I have no explosiveness training
- I do short sprints 5 days a week instead
Sprints are mostly a conditioning workout until the legs get tired. They also train explosiveness a little, but I removed explosiveness for two other reasons: I'm too heavy to do most explosive movements (clapping push-ups and clapping pull-ups) safely. I can do them, but I'll fall on my face 50% of the time. Also they're quite loud to do indoors, and I don't fancy doing clapping push-ups on the street. Maybe when I'm a little lighter I'll incorporate a dedicated explosiveness workout.
Why do I do 5 little sprints instead of one big conditioning circle?
Getting the cardiovascular system high pumps up your metabolism for the whole day to burn more calories. So instead of having one day of high-metabolism a week, I'll have 5. Hopefully this helps me lose fat.